Above; dangerous, deep water
Below; a pool of water, joy

The word Jie really means the joints of the bamboo, or the joints of the human frame, or the natural divisions of the year. Thus it represents the voluntary limitations that may be set upon growth or expenditure in order to maintain matters in due moderation. The pool of water can only occupy a limited space. The movement of more water from above must be strictly restrained or the pool will overflow.

Restraint brings success and progress. But restrictions that are severe and difficult should not be perpetuated.

Jie signifies success because the strong yang lines and weak yin lines are equal in number and there is a yang line in the fifth position. Severe and difficult restrictions should not be allowed to continue because they produce exhaustion. Even in the midst of danger we experience pleasure and satisfaction in following the proper course. It is by the restraint exercised between terrestrial and celestial forces that the four seasons arrive each at its appointed time. So, when due restraint is shown in the duties of government, the state suffers no injury and the people no hurt.

Water above the pool is the image of Jie. The Superior Man accordingly creates his system of number and measure. He discusses the nature of virtue and proper conduct.

Line 1

He restricts himself to the outer gates and courtyard. No blame.

The man who knows rightly how to limit his undertakings in the face of insuperable obstacles can accumulate an energy that, at the right moment, will enable him to act positively. Confucious says: ‘Where disorder develops, words are the first steps. If the prince is not discreet, he loses his servant. If the servant is not discreet, he loses his life. Therefore, the Superior Man is careful to maintain silence and does not go forth.’

Line 2

He restricts himself to the courtyard within his gate. Misfortune.

When the time for action arrives, it is essential to act at once. As water flows into a pool, so there comes a moment when it must find an outlet.

Line 3

He places no restrictions upon himself. Lamentations. But no blame.

Those who give themselves up to indulgence may well have cause to regret it. But provided they are prepared to accept the responsibility for their actions they are not to be condemned.

Line 4

He restrains himself contentedly. Success.

This text needs no further elucidation.

Line 5

He restrains himself sweetly and voluntarily. Good fortune. Going forward brings approbation.

This is a very important line. The strong yang line is in the position of the ruler. When a man in an important position applies necessary restraints to his own actions, without demanding too much from his associates, then his modesty will bring good fortune. It will be possible to advance with general approval.

Line 6

Troublesome restraint. Persistence brings misfortune but there is no regret.

Restrictions that are too severe will not be endured for long. Even the ascetic’s body will eventually rebel against self-torture. Nevertheless, on occasions a certain ruthlessness toward oneself is the only way to salvation.

© 1979 Neil Powell

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